For centuries, Tokyo’s sento (public bathhouses) have been more than just places to bathe—they’ve been hubs of community, relaxation, and tradition.
In recent decades, sento have been disappearing. Naturally, modern homes all have bathrooms, so the Japanese tradition of communal bathing culture of sento has seen a dramatic decline. Enter Kentaro Imai, an architect with a deep personal connection to sento culture. Through his innovative renovations, Imai has been revitalising these spaces, blending tradition with contemporary design to attract a new generation of bathhouse-goers.
Be In Japan spoke with Imai about his journey from sento patron to sento architect, his design philosophy, and the future of Tokyo’s bathing culture.
Why did you start “pouring new life” into Tokyo’s bathhouse culture? What was your inspiration?
In my 20s and 30s, I lived in an apartment without a bathroom, so I became a daily sento user. At first, it was just about practicality—renting a place without a bathroom was cheaper. But over time, I fell in love with sentos.
One day, at Daikoku-yu in Adachi Ward, I met a man who looked like a yogi or hermit. While chatting with him in the bath, the idea struck me: my life’s work should be designing sentos. That moment changed everything. I never saw that man again, but he led me to my calling.
What fuels your passion for sento design?
Sentos are a beautiful part of Japan’s heritage, but they’re disappearing. I don’t want to lose this tradition. They offer so much—relaxation, health benefits, even beauty. Simply put, sentos make life better.
What kind of design work did you do before focusing on sentos?
I worked on general architecture and interiors, including homes, shops, and public facilities. I wasn’t a sento specialist when I started my firm. That came later.
Is sento use declining? Why?
Yes, and at an alarming rate. Fifty years ago, Tokyo had around 2,700 sentos—now, there are only about 550. The biggest reason? Changes in housing. Half a century ago, many homes didn’t have baths, so sentos were essential. Now, almost every home has one.
How many sentos have you redesigned?
Seventeen so far (at time of interview)
How would you describe your design philosophy?
- Blending old with new – I respect traditional sento elements while introducing fresh, modern touches.
- Site-specific concepts – Each project starts with three layers of research:
- Local character – What defines the neighbourhood?
- Market needs – What does society want from a sento today?
- Site history – What’s unique about this particular bathhouse?
Are all your sentos different?
Yes. While they all share the ‘old meets new’ approach, each project has a distinct concept based on its location and history.
How do owners of traditional sentos find you?
Mostly through our website and word-of-mouth within the sento industry.
Are your sento clients from the older or younger generation?
Both. Some are longtime owners preserving their family’s sento, while others are younger entrepreneurs drawn to the revival of bathhouse culture.
How do customers react to your designs?
Every Japanese person has strong opinions about bathing! While some might prefer traditional designs, most customers love the renovations. You can see reactions on social media—people often say, “Cool,” “Nice,” “I love it,” or “Best of the best!”
Are your redesigned sentos attracting younger crowds?
Definitely. New designs, social media buzz, and a renewed appreciation for sento culture are bringing in younger bathers.
Do sento owners give you creative freedom?
Usually, they have functional requirements, but some trust us completely with the design.
What do you think about your work being called ‘designer sentos’?
I don’t categorise them that way, but if the term helps people understand the concept, that’s fine.
How important is accessibility in your designs?
Very. Sentos should be welcoming to all ages and abilities. We prioritise universal design to make sure everyone can enjoy the experience.
Is Tokyo’s bathing culture changing because of modern sento designs?
Yes. Over the past five to six years, media coverage of sentos has increased, and younger people are rediscovering them. I believe contemporary sento design plays a big role in this shift.
How important is tradition in your work?
I want to preserve Japanese sento culture. Many traditional design elements are unique to bathhouses, and I aim to keep or recreate them whenever possible. My work is about connecting past and future.
Do you try to maintain the original sento design?
It depends on the project. If original elements support the concept, we keep them—especially in wooden sentos. But a sento also needs individuality and modern appeal, so we find a balance.
What’s one thing you wish foreigners knew about Japanese bathing culture?
Try a sento for yourself. You’ll experience real Japanese daily life—connection, relaxation, purification, and joy. Sentos aren’t just about bathing; they’re about happiness.
Kentaro Imai is at the forefront of Tokyo’s sento revival, proving that these cherished bathhouses still have a place in modern life. By weaving tradition and innovation together, he’s not just redesigning sentos—he’s reshaping the future of urban bathing culture.
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Kentaro Imai Architectural Office Co.
